Around the world, desert biomes and other brutally hot climates seem unbearable to humans accustomed to air conditioning, cars and other conveniences of modern life. Short beaked echidna are usually active in the daytime; however during the warmer months the short beaked echidna change their pattern of activity, becoming nocturnal (active at night) or crepuscular (active at dawn or dusk). In order to survive the hot climates of the tropical rainforests, the animals living here have developed certain distinct features that help them adapt better. While body armor of bony plates comes to mind, this rough and tough exterior is only the beginning. The ability to tolerate such conditions indicates that echidnas are able to control their body temperature, and don’t solely rely on behavioural adaptations to escape the heat. Echidnas in the Western Australian wheatbelt do not have a distinct hibernation season although they increase torpor use in response to cooler conditions . Accuracy of the GPS units used in our study was determined by comparing the recorded locations for the loggers plotted on Google Earth with the known path of travel along a road. Short beaked echidnas do not have sweat glands and can not pant, therefore body temperatures above 34°C can be fatal. Emu, like all animals, have evolved to suit their environment–in this case, the grasslands and forests of Australia. They use fallen wood, bushes, rocks, small caves and burrows to take cover from the heat. The echidnas of the fire zone kept at this coping strategy not just for days but for at least three weeks after the fire. A combination of physiological and behavioral adaptations has ensured the crocodile’s survival through the ages. Behavioural: In order for echidnas to keep cool in hot climates they find shelter. Physiological Adaptations - During floods echidnas dive underwater and when they do so their heart rate drops, saving oxygen that is needed by the brain and heart. How do structural and behavioural adaptations help echidnas survive in Australian environments Students explore the external features of an echidna and predict how these features help it to survive. - As echidnas burrow for protection, they can tolerate high levels of carbon dioxide. Due to varying hot conditions or droughts in Australia, the common wombat has adapted to be able to sustainably survive without water for over a day if necessary. Echidnas are one of the largest hibernators. Most critters have a variety of tricks to survive this sort of hostile environment. During hibernation their body temperature falls until it is very close to the temperature of the soil; the lowest body temperature we have recorded is 4.7°C. The major types of animals living in the rainforests are monkeys, apes, gorillas, tigers, snakes as well as a variety of different birds and insects. What nifty adaptations did these ancient mammals have? Echidna can feel vibrations through their noses. Males also have a spur on each hind leg though, unlike the Platypus, it’s non-venomous. Today’s crocodile began evolving 80 million years ago, developing the traits that have enabled its survival. Behavioural Adaptations Hibernation actually starts in late summer and reproductively active animals end their hibernation in June-July. Echidnas in the Western Australian wheatbelt do not have a distinct hibernation season although they increase torpor use in response to cooler conditions . A physiological adaptation of the Common wombat is their ability to endure long periods of time without water. Students then conduct research to identify how echidnas survive cold winters, hot summers, bushfires and deadly predators.

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