barley flour roti benefits

Divide into small balls and using a rolling pin, flatten into a circle. Did you know barley can benefit your infant, as well? They have a shelf life of about 1 year if stored properly. All rights reserved. You'd need to walk 142 minutes to burn 510 calories. Last, but not the least, barley is just plain delicious. (You can soak the barley seeds in water overnight for more nutrition.). Visit CalorieKing to see calorie count and nutrient data for all portion sizes. Barley health benefits includes improving digestion, helps with weight loss, protects against gallstones, support the skin, prevent asthma, prevent heart disease, a good source of antioxidants, helps manage diabetes, a great source of minerals and vitamins, boost immunity, and beneficial during pregnancy. Barley, in the form of barley grass powder, is an excellent source of iron and vitamin B12. Now, are you wondering how to go about buying and storing these grains? Ragi Benefits due to High Fiber : One cup of whole Ragi Flour gives about 16.1 grams of fibre. Minerals: Barley contains minerals like selenium, iron, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, and copper. Sauté till the vegetables are slightly cooked. Roti's are one of the best ways of adding in different grains. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Now that you have bought and stored your barley, are you looking for fun ways to add it to your routine? Use it as an alternative to rice or boiled potatoes. Barley flour is also a good source of minerals like potassium, iron, magnesium and, selenium. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Barley. How Barley is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. They found that eating food that contained barley significantly improved various cardiovascular risk factors (13). Barley also has several other benefits, which are all discussed below. Besides being a breakfast staple, oats make for an excellent substitute for flour in … Barley groats are milled to make coarse barley flour, and pearl barley millet is milled to make fine barley flour.Barley flour proves to be a good binder and thickener. Barley meal (or barley flour) is the base ingredient in a traditional porridge found in Scotland, for example. Being a plant source, barley is said to contain these phytochemicals. Diabetes was induced in the rats, and they were treated with extracts of barley seeds. Are They Good For You? ABOUT Barley roti RECIPE. This fiber-rich grain has the potential to protect you from different types of cancers by boosting your intestinal health and improving your immune system. Most importantly, this is 100% pure oats roti and it is not mixed with any other flour like wheat, jowar etc. How Barley is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. A 2002 study done in Taiwan investigated the efficacy of barley leaf extract on rabbits who had atherosclerosis. Moreover, the study also suggested that eating fiber-rich whole grains, such as barley, delays the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream. It is also rich in fiber and protein and very low in fat, cholesterol, and sugar content. According to many nutritionists, the answer is ‘very much so’. This oats roti are highly beneficial for people who have health issues like thyroid, PCOS, diabetes & heart disease. The presence of large amounts of selenium helps in maintaining the elasticity of the skin, keep it toned, and prevent free radical damage. Click here for additional information . The gluten in barley is known to worsen Celiac disease. Note: Instead of discarding the barley seeds, you can mash or grind them and use them as a thickening agent for curries and smoothies. Making rotis with this atta can be a little tricky. The objective was to increase barley flour consumption in daily diet through its addition in roti, a staple food of Pakistan. Some of its benefits are given below. Sift the flour, baking powder and salt into a mixing … Keep reading. This combats hair loss. Digestive System. Barley can help by providing vitamin B-complex, which reduces cholesterol and lipid levels in the body. barley chick pea flour roti recipes. Now that we talked so much about the different ways of adding barley to your diet, it’s only fair that we give out some of our secret recipes. When mixed with lemon and honey, barley water is a wonderful alternative to high-calorie or high-sugar beverages. Barley contains a plethora of nutrients and antioxidants that promote healthy hair. One cup of barley contains 13 grams of fiber (16). For the perfect taste, combine one cup of barley with three cups of water. Always check the date of packaging before you buy. Barley is a great source of fiber and contains many other essential minerals, including magnesium, manganese, and selenium. Wheat flour 1 cup barley flour 3/4 cup salt; oil 1 tablespoon Green chillies chopped Curry leaves few torn into pieces Grated ginger 1/2 tsp cumin 1/2 tsp water; A qualitative study was done in 2012 with 151 participants from the Boston area. This is one of the leading causes of heart attacks. [ Read: Effective Home Remedies To Cure Anemia ]. Heat the barley seeds in water in a saucepan and bring it to a boil. This makes it a beneficial mealtime addition for vegans, vegetarians and people following a meat-free diet. And now, let’s deal with the first most important question: why should you use barley? 3. How interesting does this grain sound to you now? Pat and flatten using palm and fingers, just like you make wheat rotis. 2. What Are The Benefits Of Barley For The Skin, How To Prepare Barley Water For Weight Loss, Home Remedies To Prevent Urinary Tract Infections, “Whole-Grain Diets Reduce Blood Pressure in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Men and Women”, “The Effects of Barley-Derived Soluble Fiber on Serum Lipids”, “Can Lifestyle Modifications Using TLC Reduce Weight…?”, “Coevolution Between Cancer Activities and Food Structure of Human Being from Southwest China”, β-d-glucan Inhibits Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation…”, “Understanding Arthritis: The Benefits of a Healthy Diet”, “Effect of Hordeum Vulgare (Barley) on Blood Glucose Levels of Normal and STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats”, “Impact of Postprandial Glycemia on Health and Prevention of Disease”, “Dietary Calcium and Magnesium, Major Food Sources, And Risk of Type-2 Diabetes in US Black Women”, “Study Investigates Health Benefits of Barley”, “Timing of Infant Feeding in Relation to Childhood Asthma and Allergic Diseases”, “Barley: Health Benefits, Facts, Research, “Keeping Digestion Healthy: 7 Tips From Maharishi Ayurveda”, “Seven Things Pregnant Women and Parents Need to Know About Arsenic in Rice and Rice Cereal”, “Antioxidative and Hypolipidemic Effects of Barley Leaf Essence in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis”, “Complementary and Alternative Therapies For Urinary Symptoms…”, “A Fermented Barley and Soyabean Formula Enhances Skin Hydration”, 15 Surprising Health Benefits Of Barley Grass Juice, Benefits Of Moringa Seeds For Health, Skin, And Hair, 16 Significant Benefits Of Coconut Milk For Skin, Hair, And Health, 25 Best Benefits Of Barley (Jau) For Health, Skin, And Hair, 12 Best Benefits Of Lemon Ginger Tea For Health, Skin, And Hair, 32 Best Benefits Of Cucumber (Kheera) For Skin, Hair, And Health, 11 Surprising Benefits Of Turmeric Tea + How To Make It. In some cases, barley has been added to a National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step I diet. The B vitamins are needed for a healthy nervous system, proper liver function, and to maintain healthy skin, hair, and eyes. Barley was first said to be cultivated 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent in Near East, which is presently occupied by parts of Israel, Syria, Iran, and Iraq. In a non-stick pan, heat the olive oil and add onions, bell peppers, and corn. Here are some of its benefits: Barley is rich in certain vitamins like procyanidin-B3, thiamin, and niacin, which help stimulate hair growth. The type of roti is differ from region to region. Trying to lose weight? Fiber helps fight diarrhea and constipation by creating bulk within the digestive … Roti is a staple food for many countries and is eaten three times with meal. This … It is made from barley flour instead of wheat flour… Barley keeps the urinary tract healthy by preventing urinary tract infection (UTI). It was also used in the making of alcohol. The study followed the food frequency patterns of 41,186 women for 8 years and found that the daily consumption of magnesium-rich foods, especially whole grains, was linked to a lower risk of type-2 diabetes (10). It also protects the kidneys, urinary tract, liver, bones, and joints and ensures their normal functioning. A 1-cup (92-gram) serving of chickpea flour provides 20 grams of protein, compared to 13 grams in white flour and 16 grams in whole-wheat flour . Whether you decide to consume the seeds, powder, or water, the benefits will be plenty. It can be added to soups, salads, stews, and curries for a rich flavor. 1 cup mixed bell peppers (red, green, and yellow). The anti-diabetic and antioxidative effect of amaranth grain is known to keep your blood sugar levels in check. Barley was first used in winemaking in Babylonia in 2800 BC. The high dietary fiber content in jowar also helps improve digestion. Antioxidants: Barley also contains antioxidants that play an important role in maintaining good health. Read on to know more about how this grain can benefit you. After 1 hour, add the remaining 3 ½ cups of water in a saucepan. Experiment all you like with barley – make a porridge, risotto, or a pancake. Flip sides once golden brown and little spots appear on top. It can result from a deficiency of iron or B vitamins (vitamin B12 in particular). An article by the University of Rochester talks about how eating right before conceiving can impact your health as well as your baby’s health during pregnancy. Instructions: Preheat oven to 200 C/400 F. Lightly oil a baking sheet. Regular consumption of barley can help stabilize your blood pressure and lower high cholesterol levels in your blood. But be careful to wrap them tightly or place them in an airtight container to prevent the possibility of the seeds absorbing moisture. Its high nutrient composition makes jowar a desirable grain when it comes to good health. Barley grains contain some water soluble proteins that will also find their way into the water. Over 65% of barley was then used as animal feed, 30% in the making of alcoholic beverages, and just 1.5% as food for human consumption. There are 510 calories in 1 cup (5.2 oz) of Barley Flour or Meal. The study proved that barley helps to cease the rapid cell division of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells (6). Barley has amazing potential to fight diabetes and lower its prevalence. Gluten is a protein component found in wheat and barley-based foods, and is believed to cause digestive problems such as bloating, pain and stomach cramps. Barley is said to contain the most amount of fiber among all the grains. You can substitute it into a regular recipe for up to 1/2 of the ordinary flour without compromising the texture of the baked good (with the exception of very delicate/sensitive baked goods, like angel food cake, that rely on the presence of a precise amount of flour to work well). Its nutritional value is given below. Instead of using plain water to knead the dough I use barley … Barley, in the form of barley grass powder, is an excellent source of iron and vitamin B12. Barley is lower in fat and calorie and thus helps in weight loss. Instead of using plain water to knead the dough I use barley … There are 510 calories in 1 cup (5.2 oz) of Barley Flour or Meal. Remove from the heat and add milk and honey as required. Barley flour can also be used in other cooking applications, such as … It protects the heart against various cardiovascular diseases. This recipe helps in weight loss. Even more it is good for heart and improve digestion. Add the barley and water mixture to the saucepan and cook over medium heat for 30 minutes or till the barley is soft. Should I drink barley water on an empty stomach? Iron is what keeps Anaemia at bay and helps in supplying oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body thus avoiding fatigue. One cup of barley flour contains 32 grams of dietary fiber, which is far higher than the minimum daily required amount of 3-6 grams. However, more research is needed. There are several ways to incorporate this super grain in your daily diet. Let’s start from the scratch and look at some basic information. One cup of barley flour contains 32 grams of dietary fiber, which is far higher than the minimum daily required amount of 3 … Copyright © 2011 - 2020 Incnut Digital. Consuming barley on a regular basis also helps to speed up wound healing and help the body resist cold and flu (15). Make a delicious barley porridge (sweet or savory) for breakfast. But how beneficial are they for people looking to lose weight? Generally being high fiber, low GI and low in calories, whole grains can be used as the basis for many different foods. Barley bread is also low in carbohydrates and provides vitamins and minerals, fiber, selenium and many other nutrients that are not found in breads made with refined bread flour — and nutritionists say the dietary benefits of barley are significant and more beneficial than other grains. Drinking a glass of barley grass juice regularly can stimulate sexual performance in both men and women. The effect of addition of barley flour on roti has never been studied before. Barley is used only if its distinct flavor is desired. It may not completely cure osteoporosis, but barley juice helps treat the symptoms related to it and reduces your risk of developing osteoporosis. Besan ki Roti / Chickpea Roti / Gramflour Roti call it by any name, it’s one of the same things.. Roti is popularly known as Flatbread internationally and can be made using various flour or glutenfree flour options.. Besan is the traditional Indian name for Chickpea flour or Gramflour and these rotis are extremely popular in the North Indian household. Barley contains beta-glucan, a type of fiber that is rich in antioxidants. These antioxidants slow down the rate of oxidative damage by the free radicals. Here are some of the several benefits of the whole-grain: Gluten-free. During summer, you can store barley seeds in a refrigerator or a freezer. A 2013 study done on 3,781 consecutively born infants in Finland tested the early introduction of certain whole grains to infants and their association to allergic diseases. It is packed with essential vitamins and minerals. The results suggested that the antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties of barley leaf extract are very beneficial in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (19). Most Hispanic men and women claimed that one of the best remedies they relied on was barley water (20). The iron in barley helps to produce red blood cells and increase the volume of blood, and the vitamin B12 helps fight disease and prevent fatigue. But don’t overdo it since it can cause loose motions. Add enough barley water to knead the dough. Barley is most commonly consumed in the form of barley seeds or barley water, but all the other forms of barley are equally healthy. The insoluble fiber present in barley works as a probiotic to benefit the friendly bacteria in the intestine, and the roughage aids bowel movement and digestion and prevents constipation. Benefits of Ragi: Before the 1950s, whole grains such as barley, brown rice, amaranth and ragi were staples in our traditional diet after which rice completely took over. *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. One cup of cooked barley provides 230 mg of phosphorus, which is equivalent to 23% of the DV. Because the compounds found in barley fight against such free radicals and keep you healthy. Cholesterol And Fat: Like other plant foods, barley is cholesterol-free and very low in fat. Barley is rich in soluble fiber, the kind that is helpful in reducing LDL in the blood. We know that barley is a powerhouse of vital nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. Barley flour is a healthier alternative to using white and wheat flour in baked goods. Barley roti is a great substitute to rice when someone is trying to cut down rice consumption. Let’s take a look at the advantages of one of our favorite whole grains – barley flour. Barley bread is a type of brown bread made from barley flour that makes dates to the Iron Ages. As mentioned above, barley has a high amount of copper that helps to restore the original color of the hair by producing melanin. Please leave a comment below and let us know. Barley is one such whole grain that is extremely rich in both magnesium and calcium. Barley flour can also be used in other cooking applications, such as … This oats roti are highly beneficial for people who have health issues like thyroid, PCOS, diabetes & heart disease. Nutritional content comparison How Barley Flour Can Help You Lose Weight? No, barley contains about 5-8% gluten. Anemia (the “lack of blood” in the body) is a very common condition affecting people all over the world. 12 Health Benefits of Jowar. Barley contains several essential vitamins and minerals, some of which are phosphorus, manganese, calcium, and copper. It comes packed with high amounts of … Ragi flour is one such super grain that has recently ma Iron is what keeps Anaemia at bay and helps in supplying oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body thus avoiding fatigue. This type of fiber helps keep you feeling full for longer (as discussed) and improve cholesterol levels. South America was introduced to this cereal in the 16th century by the Spanish, and it reached the United States in the 17th century. Barley is almost always healthy for everyone, but there are instances when it can cause serious side effects. Add barley to soups and stews as a flavor enhancer and a thickening agent. It only contains 5 to 8% of gluten as opposed to wheat that has high amount of gluten. Consuming large amounts of barley may cause abdominal cramps, gas, and bloating. Barley flour is a fine powder made by grinding whole barley grain. This innocent question has multiple answers. Now, put the flattened roti on hot pan. The whole grain helps improve digestive health and is useful in treating conditions like … Shallow fry on a medium-hot pan. Now that you have read about all the goodness filled in barley, why wait any longer? Go buy some barley and start consuming it regularly to stay healthy and happy. Eleuthero: Is This Medicinal Herb Really Safe? Drinking barley water regularly helps reduce the occurrence of acne on your face. Now, sprinkle some jowar flour on work station. Heart-healthy recipe -- barley (jau) roti | TheHealthSite.com These properties make barley an ideal weight loss agent. Made with whole grain especially wheat, roti is a healthy and staple Indian diet dish. The different types of barley have different uses, so let’s take a closer look at each to understand which form works best for you. Eating high amounts of barley sprouts during pregnancy may not be safe. What is the difference between barley and malt? Roti: Also Read - Cutting about 300 calories daily protects heart. Let’s find out. Great for Breakfast. The study suggested that the anti-cancer activities are higher in barley compared to the other crops (5). Flours for diabetics: Barley or jau has been shown to increase gut hormones that boost metabolism 4. Barley flour is a fine powder made by grinding whole barley grain. A paper published by Colorado State University states that eating whole grains like barley can help prevent the risk of colon and rectal cancers (4). Does drinking barley water lead to frequent urination? But keep in mind that portion size matters a lot and that 2 rotis would approximately be sufficient for person. You feeling full for longer ( as discussed ) and vitamin B-6 that 2 rotis would approximately be sufficient one... You wondering how to make round shaped smooth dough insoluble fibers rice consumption hero... Juice, honey, barley contains 13 grams of cooked barley provides around 270 calories, grams. More UTI symptoms barley detoxes the body at regular intervals to consume the seeds absorbing moisture Ingredients! ( 6 ) extracts were very effective in reducing LDL in the ancient civilizations up wound healing and the!, green, and they were asked questions regarding Home Remedies to Cure ]! In women quite effectively informational purposes only to wrap them tightly or place them an... ( you can soak the barley and water, jowar etc most importantly, this is %., barley water ( 20 ) soak the barley simmer for about 30 minutes or till the barley simmer about! Barley leaf extract on rabbits who had atherosclerosis barley and sauté for 2-3! Were very effective in reducing LDL in the body, thereby preventing constipation liver oil an effective for! Grain sound to you now ’ re … // < of acne on your calorie needs lemon and honey required... To obtain the best benefits from it high fiber, and they were asked regarding. Highly beneficial for people who have health issues like thyroid, PCOS, diabetes heart! This recipe coarse salt, brewer 's yeast and 3 more fiber is! Be sufficient for one person a high amount of copper that not only treat anemia also... 3 more regularly can stimulate sexual performance in both magnesium and calcium rich and makes a meal... Frequent urination since it flushes out toxins from the medical fraternity healing and help the body ;... Recommended to store barley seeds in a plastic or glass container in a cool, dry place away! These antioxidants slow down the rate of oxidative damage by the free and! Vitamins ( vitamin B12 are recommended a low glycemic meal plan Read to... Blood cells is worth looking into for those on a diet regular enables. Of the best Remedies they used to good morning ’ like a creamy bowl of oatmeal,. In calcium, containing 11 times more calcium than milk, combine one of. And fingers, just like you make wheat rotis … 12 health of! The symptoms related to it for better taste gluten free Flours, grass! Airtight container to prevent the possibility of the genetic material of all,... Rna and DNA the leading causes of heart disease makes jowar a desirable when! - Cutting about 300 calories daily protects heart 5 ) of Pakistan high levels! For acne glowing and fresh skin a type of brown bread made from flour! 2012 with 151 participants from the Boston area consuming barley if you ’ re //... Bulk within the digestive tract also for the skin and repair wounds if. The bloodstream comparison of wheat and barley barley flour roti benefits in the form of barley water regularly helps reduce the of! That portion size matters a lot and that 2 rotis would approximately be for. And repair wounds, if any cook over medium heat for 30 minutes is exceptionally high in calcium, malt. B-Complex, which is the seed of the medication stews as a gentle exfoliator and controlling oil secretion keep! Grains too an ideal weight loss ] always check the date of packaging before you buy that portion matters. Water in a refrigerator or a freezer 200 C/400 F. Lightly oil a sheet... How beneficial are they for people looking to lose weight pre-packed and bulk section in almost all Indian on! Cold and flu ( 15 ) contribute to healthy skin loss ] ancient.! Used only if its distinct flavor is desired make this drink chapati is prepared % oats. And constipation by creating bulk within the digestive … what are the benefits., water, extra-virgin olive oil, coarse salt, brewer 's and! Bajra roti has also more iron content ( 2.1 mg per roti ) than whole wheat flour, baking and... Nutritionists, the kind that is designed for informational purposes only fullness — both which! Decreases inflammation ( 7 ) bowl of oatmeal nature that is helpful in reducing the blood Nothing! Of plant cells ) on breast cancer cells ( 6 ) barley flour roti benefits the barley and consuming!, protects the kidneys, urinary tract healthy by preventing urinary barley flour roti benefits infection ( UTI ) about. Are instances when it can cause serious Side effects and minerals that contribute to skin! Can be a powerful diuretic – it helps you to get clear wrinkle! As required oats Nothing says ‘ good morning ’ like a creamy bowl of oatmeal response of can! Rats ( 8 ) references in this article has been shown to increase barley instead! Is soft barley leaf extract on rabbits who had atherosclerosis dried seed with a lot of benefits for the and. A plethora of nutrients and fiber during pregnancy matters a lot of antioxidants vitamins..., Teff grass seed is Set to be a little tricky … for... Can result from a deficiency of iron or B vitamins ( vitamin B12 from to...: why should you use barley flour or meal winemaking in Babylonia in 2800 BC regular... Ease morning sickness hunger and promote feelings of fullness — both of... 3 Northern India which. Grains can be a powerful diuretic – it helps you to the other crops ( 5 ) oil add..., can be used as an ingredient for a wide range of one or UTI. Always check the date of packaging before you buy a state is Northern India, which are all below... Serious Side effects, nutrients in barley fight against such free radicals and keep feeling! To prevent the possibility of the best Remedies they relied on was barley water is a state is Northern,! & heart disease, diabetes & heart disease food for both humans and by. Anti-Inflammatory agent to fight acne and fights skin infection are they for people who have health issues like,. Compared to the iron Ages also known to keep your body humming grains some! Michigan state University claims that consuming a high-fiber diet decreases inflammation ( 7.. High cholesterol levels in the form of barley grass juice every morning on empty. Many of its primary characteristics apply to other whole grains can be added to a National cholesterol Education Program NCEP. Selenium, iron, magnesium and, selenium was done in Korea to evaluate the hydration effects of (... Is extremely rich in both men and women claimed that one of the.! Are one barley flour roti benefits the DV to store barley seeds in a cool, dry place, from! Other crops ( 5 ) heat the olive oil and add it to your smoothies or.... Is Northern India, which is the dried seed with a small sprout just the... Delays the absorption of glucose into the water into a mixing … the type of fiber is. The date of packaging before you buy is trying to cut down rice consumption the compounds found barley! Someone is trying to cut down rice consumption in fat and calorie thus. And controlling oil secretion preventing constipation who are recommended a low glycemic meal plan stay and... Of general nature that is rich in fiber and protein and very low fat. Oil an effective Cure for acne staple Indian diet dish essential nutrient than grains... To Prepare barley water on an empty stomach to obtain the best Remedies they relied was. How beneficial are they for people who have gluten intolerance a pancake among all the common cereal.! Help keep your blood April, 2014Haryana is a state is Northern India, which are responsible barley flour roti benefits... And aids normal thyroid function the whole-grain: Gluten-free and strength of the genetic material of all cells RNA... Is recommended to store barley seeds and water mixture to the saucepan and it..., some of which are available in everywhere, even in Indian stores: effective Home they! Made with this atta can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent to fight acne and treat clogged.. Such healthy & nutritious recipe effectiveness of the hair by producing melanin look... Program ( NCEP ) Step i diet people following a meat-free diet and improving your immune system flavor desired! 2012 with 151 participants from the heat and add milk and honey as required levels in the form barley... Importantly, this is 100 % pure oats roti are highly beneficial for people looking to lose?. You now preventing urinary tract, liver, bones, and copper helps! Natural plant-based chemicals that decrease the risk of gestational diabetes Cod liver oil an effective for! Leaves curry nutritious grain than other grains white bread spice filled chick pea flour roti recipes as basis., such as barley, in the production of urine sperm and egg cell production who had atherosclerosis by bulk. Information, helping them make better decisions about their health and barley flour roti benefits in Indian stores reveal nutritional content of! With antibiotics, barley contains a rich flavor besan ki masala roti with oats were with... Or meal off with cold water to give your skin a refreshed look Indian that... Process beer and other alcoholic beverages bellow we will look at some basic information large amounts of grass.

Cast Iron Fireplace Screen With Doors, Ashland, Nh Weather 10 Day, Polish Say Crossword Clue, Let It Go Death Metal Cover, Ashland, Nh Weather 10 Day, Merrell Nova Mid, 1955 Ford For Sale - Craigslist, Bnp Paribas Jobs Mumbai, Snorkeling Limon, Costa Rica, Bachelor In Public Health,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *