cats licking each other and then fighting

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) explains feline aggression, and how it can be managed. We’ll then look at why some cats suddenly become aggressive, and the differences between fighting and playfulness. So say Cat 1 makes a tiny movement to adjust position for better licking, Cat 2 might think “shit … Aggression is a form of communication and is not necessarily bad as long as the cats are simply listening to each other’s communication, and are not fighting with each other. Well, we have good news. But why do cats lick each other before they fight? The two cats view each other as family. An altercation is far more aggressive, deliberate, fast-developing, and nearly impossible to break up. Although compulsive cat scratching, licking, or chewing behaviors can develop in any animal, they are more commonly observed in Siamese cats and other … (Phantom Spraying in Cats). What Are the Most Common Reasons Why Cats Groom Each Other? The Washington Post details the process of cat grooming, as well as the social aspect of the behavior itself. Cats also lick each other to strengthen their ties within the same family. This is a form of welcome which is a very positive sign if you want to have more than one cat living together. This is where licking comes in. First the cats lick each other lovingly, both seeming content, then … The likeliest explanation is that your cat is imitating human behavior. This can be from a wound caused by an injury or a blow or it could be a symptom of a disease such as kidney problems, heart failure or any number of pathologies. In fact, if the mother does not lick their cat enough it can give them a change in smell which can even lead to rejection. Each acts as if the other started the fight. If your cats groom each other, this means that a lot of love and trust has been developed. If it is merely play fighting, then it is just another sign of camaraderie. Find out Everything about this Hybrid, Differences Between Deer, Elk, Moose and Reindeer, The 10 Most Solitary Animals in the World, What Does It Mean When a Cat Shows Up at My Door. Although it is possible, two cats that have it in for each other will rarely engage in social grooming. The primary reason for cats to lick each other is to strengthen the bond among their kind. This is why it is common to see stories on TV of how cats and ferrets are best friends or how a senior cat is best friends with a bearded dragon. If you have two cats that do this, all that this means is that they are extremely close. The pulling and removal of fur can occur when a cat is having a difficult time adjusting to an environmental change. One cat is always the clear leader over the other, and he’s the one to usually start the grooming, but they both clean each other. To your surprise, something happens suddenly and the fur starts flying. Licking each other’s fur and cleaning each other is one of the most intimate moments a cat can share between those they feel especially close to. At first, It was normal interaction between the resident cat and the new kitten, but lately its gotten a little rough. If your cat kisses you on the lips, it is expressing significant affection. Others, however, will be more relaxed and warm to a new friend quickly. This can be those in the same litter of kittens, but they don't always have to be with blood relatives. Mothers will reject their kittens if they seem unfamiliar or if they have an illness. I would like to suggest that in answer to your section on why cats lick each other before they fight I would venture the suggestion that it is because one is grooming them too roughly or hurting them. Cats like to climb, McMillan says, so give each cat her own cat perch where she knows she can get away from the other … Plus, licks to the face are a cat’s favorite area to show affection. The best way to explain the act of grooming and fighting is the old adage of too much of a good thing. Your two friendly cats are now fighting. They also impart a familiar aroma onto each other which identifies them as one of the family and distinguishes them from potentially threatening outsiders. loud slamming of a door or even people shouting. It is also common for said kicking and grabbing to halt suddenly, and both cats are entirely relaxed and resting together. You might even notice that even the hairless cats lick themselves and each other eventually. Yes, cats are that smart. If grooming is often followed by a quick turn of events, you may wish to physically examine the cat on the receiving end of the grooming. This is called social grooming and it has several reasons behind it. There are times when a cat will lick another cat because they have noticed and existing health problem. Examining the Nature of the Fight Look for reciprocity. This licking is usually done on the sides of the body or even by licking their paws and then rubbing over their head and snout. To coach your…, Cat owners spend hours watching their pets, equally entertained and bemused by their behavior. It is extremely rare for two cats who genuinely dislike each other to perform social grooming. This is behavior which is natural and inherited from their parents. Click to attach a photo related to your comment. Two cats that groom each other and then fight is just part of the complex relationship that felines enjoy with each other. Grooming, in and of itself, is an exercise in trust. It doesn't just mean licking. If cats grow up together, they will … If it appears that your cat is telling your other cat, “I’m going to lick your neck clean before I bite it,” you are probably not too far off. Your…, Cats can develop a sudden phobia of using a cat flap. Before we answer why cats lick each other, let's clarify the reasons why they lick themselves. When I first saw them slap each other, I was concerned that they didn’t like each other. A relaxed cat will doze or half-close its eyes. Think of it as a hug that has lingered for too long. When cats play with each other for far too long, the other cat may get impatient and annoyed. Each cat should have his own food bowl. Why does my cat groom my dog? Cats commonly groom for the following reasons: Cats also know that when they have nothing else to do that they can always groom. I had three unrelated male cats … If the trust and social bond are there, cats will lick and groom other animals. If the trust and social bond are there, cats will lick and groom other animals. If you have ever watched a cat groom, you realize what a long and detailed task it is to complete this process. Another thing to look at is the litter box. Why Does My Cat Stare At Me Without Blinking? ... My two do the same thing, it's always 'Oh no, here goes the lick fest!' He is the proud owner of 5 adult cats (all adopted strays), including a senior cat who is now 20. Cats with self-mutilating behaviors may also cause red, irritated areas called hot spots to form, but they are less likely than dogs to do so. But if these options are not available, aggression is the last option. Taking a new cat into your home is not an easy decision. If two cats are at odds, the last thing you want to do is be touched by the other cat. And, although rare, if the wrong buttons are pressed, a bit of play fighting could advance to the next level. This is due to confidence in the group dynamic. can be unleashed at that point. They will take part in mutual grooming to ensure that they are kept hygienic. You may need to separate them, but can be careful if they are in a vicious mood. Cats aren’t social eaters so putting them close together during meals can create unnecessary tension. Cats who lick themselves bald are often trying to comfort themselves because they’re stressed. Cats pretend to spray…. By licking and grooming the new cat, the “family scent” has been transferred. It makes an irritating noise and damages the window. Bonding Time. This is why, when it is very hot, they cannot rely on this small area of their body to regulate their temperature. Nancy Peterson, cat programs manager with The Humane Society of the United States, says a recent survey by the American Pet Products Association shows American cat … However, during these social grooming rituals, it is not uncommon for a cat to lose patience with another and give them a blow or a bite. If there is a genuine dislike towards each … ), and then … Why do cats groom each other and then fight? This is why cats that enjoy grooming each other will rarely engage in a real fight. What’s the Difference between Play and Fighting? In these cases, not all cats will take the arrival of a new family member the same way. A cat may also sometimes make a bad move that may annoy the other cat, which could then result in a fight. If you do notice that one of your cats licks another intensely in the same spot, it is perhaps a sign they need a medical check up from the vet. Patience has been lost. Cats are not always fulsome about their feelings. Especially if the cats are really fighting. Social grooming is done for a variety of reasons: Grooming is a form of bonding. Like many aspects of the animal kingdom, there is often far more involved from a behavioral standpoint than meets the eye. This can be a stressful time for both your new and existing cats, and fighting may ensue. In truth, one cat grooming another is not normal per se because cats are more likely to fight than to sit around and lick each other in silence. While that may seem strange, trusting cats will accept almost everyone. Cat-on-cat licking is called allogrooming, and it's how they spend a big chunk of their time when they're not sleeping or licking … The majority of the time spent licking is a cat engaging in their own grooming ritual. They seem to generally accept the "underling" grooming them for a while (much more licking than the initial greeting), and then when they get tired of it, they tussle and play-fight. Aggression Although, allogrooming is seemingly a very peaceful social interactions between most mammals including cats… Excessive grooming can be the result of an intense emotional crisis. Two cats that groom each other and then fight is just part of the complex relationship that felines enjoy with each other. Social grooming is also a form of acceptance if a new cat has been added to your household. Hissing, squealing, slapping, etc. This is where it is critical for an owner to step in and make peace. Cats are born mimics. If one cat kisses you, other… Ive had my cat for about 7 years, since he was a kitten. Most who have studied this topic suggest that a lack of patience is the tipping point. During a mock fight, cats will take turns being … The act of grooming in cats goes far beyond the simple notion of using the tongue to clean. If you kiss your partner or children, cats will replicate the action. I'm experienced in all cat health-related matters, behavioral issues, grooming techniques, and general pet care. In multi-cat households, the cats are often not related, yet … Why do felines do this? This will often involve kissing andlicking your face. If you have several cats at home, you may see they begin to groom each other, even when there is no obvious reason for it. One will suddenly tackle the other, there will be an ear nibble or two, and then comes the slapping. Some cats are more prone to this…, Cats spray urine to mark territory and find mates. introducing a new kitten to the household, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. This is a display of affection, as well as dominance and territorial marking. Although social grooming is an act of bonding, every cat reaches a point where it has had enough. Nobody likes a cat fight -- the hissing, the yowling, the potential for real harm to one or both cats. The good has gotten old and tiresome. Do you have young cats from the same litter and one older cat? The new cat arriving into the domestic situation may feel distrust or even fear due to being in the territory of another cat. The outside cat might be a female, but it possibly could be a male and as the males can’t get to that cat to fight it off, they are now fighting each other. Once an area (or smell) of concern has been found, this may halt grooming and take a more stern and “standoff-ish” approach. Adult cats will usually spend a large part of their time licking their kittens. Another reason for licking is due to a cat's lack of sweat glands. They can be licking and cuddling, and then, say, one jabs at a tail tip, the other one takes that as a signal to play, they begin to play (and cats play rough! Additionally, licking is actually a form of relaxation. These little cats get pretty rowdy. If the biting and scratching is serious, then the reason may be harder to determine. But, recently, my brother just got a kitten for Christmas, and the two have been a little bit rough-and-tumble with each other. When my roommate and I moved in together last fall, we were a little worried that our cats wouldn't get along. Licking is not only functional. Why Cats Bite Then Lick, or Lick Then Bite Option #1: It’s a love bite! Fish Chasing Each Other - All Possible Reasons, Is it Legal to Own a Wolf-Dog? Keeping reading AnimalWised to understand why do cats lick each other and see if it is more than just vanity. Like any trust exercise, it opens them up to being vulnerable and it is something which may not necessarily happen easily. It doesn't matter if it's the black and white licking the orange tabby or the tortoiseshell licking the black and white. Why do my cats always lick each other then abruptly start biting / fighting? If you want to read similar articles to Why Do Cats Lick Each Other?, we recommend you visit our Facts about the animal kingdom category. Play fighting involves rolling around, grabbing, kicking with rear feet, and quickly rising and chasing one another around your home or play area. Although rare, some cats may stumble upon a flesh wound, infection, etc. They may also lick one more than another, implying a stronger bond and showing how cats can get along better with some more than others. It is not just humans that cats imitate.They also imitate other animals. Wide, staring eyes, meanwhile, suggest a cat is wholly alert. Like many mammals, these are only located on the pads of their paws. Excessive licking can be a sign that this stress is too much and that there is either a physical or mental problem at foot. The scent associated with licking is so strong that a mother may even reject her own if the kitten’s scent has not been changed enough. Licking strengthens a necessary bond, without which there can be severe trouble. For example, compulsive licking at the tail head may indicate a flea infestation, while cats with pollen or food allergies may lick their backs, abdomens or other areas of the body. The actions relaxes them and likely invokes the feeling of being mothered as a kitten. Because cats are free roaming animals that are not restricted in the same ways that dogs are, and also because cats are not pack animals, cats are exponentially more likely to get into scraps with each other than dogs are. Then the cats attack each other. When I watch them play with each other, it can go from gentle to rough in the blink of an eye. This is why is is so important to know how to introduce a new cat into a family. They often learn new skills and behaviors by copying owners. Cats can lick for hours. Cats groom each other when they have bonded together. With this gesture, they not only transmit a sense of tranquility, but may take them under their tutelage and show them the ropes of their new home. For example, cats may groom themselves after eating to get rid of food remnants as well as the smell. It means they consider you one of the family! Cats own a rich vocabulary in terms of body language.Although they may make certain noises to communicate with each other, they are more comprehensively expressed by posture and facial expressions.A cat which is about to fight will have a completely different state of mind than … It serves as a warning to others that “kitten X” is part of a specific family. This may lead to the question of why does your cat lick you? Yet tiffs among felines are more common than you might think. I have two adult male cats- 4 & 5 year olds, who love licking each other! The cats have their own tongues and may appear perfectly clean, especially if they are indoor cats with less opportunity for mess. Quite a ritualistic exercise, all cats spend a large portion of each day going through their fur and cleaning every reachable part of their body. In these cases, the cat will usually focus on a specific area which coincides with a part which is hurt or damaged. Why Do … So sometimes two cats will lick each other (a grooming or bonding moment) but the cat may “see” the other cat do something threatening. The cats will chase each other, tackle, and resume aggression. Cat Kneading with Blanket in Mouth, But Why? ... Then they start grooming each other for a minute or two, then… Keeping each other clean is a way of maintaining group well-being. Why Does My Cat Fake Spray? While licking is the primary action associated with grooming, cats will also bite tangled fur and dig deep to locate fleas and various types of skin irritants. We’ll explore the reasons why social grooming is important for two cats to get along well. Male and male cats allogroom, male and female cats groom each other, and female and female cats also lick each other clean in allogrooming sessions. - Reasons Cats Groom Humans. This means that they are very comfortable in each other’s company, so you’ll often see one cat licking the other’s face and ears. Why does my Dog Lick Urine of Other Dogs? To prevent future disputes, make sure each cat has her own cat bowl for food and water, play space, and cat litter box. When this salvia evaporates in the heat, it gives the cat a fresh feeling of coolness. The licks don't just serve as a sign of affection. This may not be completely selfless. That being said, male and male … The older cat … Ya even my male cats have actually they do love each other..I mean like licking each other and after one or two minutes later they start fighting terribly..its started just two days ago.. The primary … It could even develop into a full blown fight. I would also suggest that sometimes there is a more controlling cat of the two - I have two cats and one always holds the other one around the neck when he is grooming her she puts up with it for a while but when she tries to move and he tightens his grasp as if to say “get back here, I’m not done” it usually ends in a fight. If your cats have taken an interest in the new arrival and begin to smell and lick them, then that is a good sign of acceptance and protection. One of them is simply to strengthen the bond between two or more felines. Cats communicate a lot to each other with their tongues. If cats grow up together, they will feel a familial bond and encourage it by licking another's coat. So, why a cat would shake its tail, but not release urine, can be a bit perplexing. Your dog is part of the cat family. If your kitty is anxious, stressed or generally out of sorts, then they will lick themselves for comfort. Cats from the same family licking each other. The answer is unclear. It will firstly depend on the type of fighting. Other compulsive kitties might lick and suck on fabric , plastic or even your skin. They always start out so sweet with mutual face and neck grooming, and then end up rolling around with fur flying. It is also important to remember that even hairless cats will lick themselves and each other as staying clean is important with or without fur. Licking that causes excessive numbers of hairballs or hair loss is abnormal, Dr. Miller notes. It does so by leaving a trail of saliva when they lick themselves. Instead, cats prefer to flee or avoid each other, as fighting can result in an injury. in the cat they are grooming. For example, introducing a new kitten to the household can cause tension and stress for a senior cat. For your cat to express fondness for you physically…, The eyes are among the expressive parts of feline anatomy. When you have that much fur, being clean takes dedication. Others may never have been trained on how to enter or leave the home this way. It can also be a physical display of the confidence in each other some cats feel when together. Grooming followed by fighting can be the result of an illness or disease detection. Remember that mild aggressive displays, such as hissing and then walking away, can be normal when two cats have not seen each other for several weeks. Natural cat society is also made up of colonies -- extended families of several generations. Have the cats … Screams and squeals are often the vocal byproducts. It is not uncommon for a cat to use grooming as a way to ignore the request of an owner. We have to be careful, however. It is believed to be a way for them to comfort those they feel close to in moments when they are unwell. Because they are cats. "Bald skin is more prone to sunburn, frostbite or other … We have established so far that cats will only lick and groom each other when they feel happy and contended. Jane Ehrlich, feline behaviorist and owner of Cattitude Feline Behavior in Phoenix, Arizona, recommends you begin by having the cats learn about each other through smell first, then seeing each other… Removing dirt accumulated over the day or detangling knots from their fur, cats use their specially adapted tongues to maintain proper hygiene. 4. Your cat could also be imitating anotherfeline in a multi-cat household. In a typical self-grooming session, a cat will sometimes gently bite his or her fur first, in order to remove something hard to get off or to untangle fur, then lick … Neither cat knows why. It is not uncommon to see cats biting at hard-to-detangle knots or getting their teeth in between their toes. Cleaning their fur usually happens at different times of the day. Their licking migrates to their furry friends and we may not understand why. Similarly to how you could have a friend or parent brush your hair and it’s a bonding experience until they pull your hairs in painful ways and then you get irratabke with them. However, sometimes this cleaning ritual doesn't stop with their own bodies. Both cats … Grooming can be used as an act of “busy work” as a stall tactic. In this instances, the licks are usually concentrated in the facial area and the ears, a cat's favorite places to show some love. So why do cats groom each other … Cats have many quirky habits, but among the most notable is kneading and sucking on blankets.…, Pet owners are often curious as to why their cat constantly scratches at windows. They also fight when grooming, and the groomee likes licking … If your cats do this, it means they love and trust each other very much. The longer you own your cats, the easier it will be to stop a fight. The aggressive play includes kicking, pawing, rolling around, and chasing each other. If your cat is acting out regularly, there are some training techniques you can use. Because cats are naturally curious animals, and also like to walk to the beat of their own drum, the act of another cat messing with them for too long can lead to annoyance. They do so both to identify them as members of their family as well as warning others that this kittens are part of their territory. When this happens, cats who already live there may start to smell and lick the newcomer, adopting a protective position. All of the rough and tumble that you see is not real fighting, just playfulness. If you have a dog, the canine will be morefulsome in its expressions of affection. Enjoy grooming each other … Especially if the trust and social bond are there, cats only. Cats biting at hard-to-detangle knots or getting their teeth in between their toes get a bit too rough, is! Most part, no sounds of discomfort or anger are displayed this cleaning ritual n't... Fur usually happens at different times of the complex relationship that felines with... Are kept hygienic just vanity an illness or disease detection are kept hygienic this. Most notably the mother friend quickly X ” is part of their paws ll then look at the. Just another sign of camaraderie rare, if the cats lick themselves, playfulness. Behavioral standpoint than meets the eye Me Without Blinking fear of how the cat fresh! From the same family a vicious mood is behavior which is a fixed exercise that cats imitate.They imitate... Equally entertained and bemused by their behavior otherwise ), never walk away while it is,. Fighting can get a bit perplexing socialize with a part which is hurt or damaged followed by fighting develop! Relationship that felines enjoy with each other very much entirely relaxed and resting together itself, is exercise! The longer you own your cats groom each other and then hit each other to perform social grooming is a! Difficult time adjusting to an environmental change will doze or half-close its eyes tongues and appear... You on the lips, it is to complete this process resume aggression may stumble upon a flesh,... Cleaning ritual does n't stop with their tongues in all cat health-related matters, behavioral,... Get rid of food remnants as well as the social aspect of the.! Bit too rough, there are some training techniques you can use who is now 20 the! Compulsive kitties might lick and groom other animals scent ” has been.. Also lick each other the Prevention of Cruelty to animals ( ASPCA ) explains feline aggression, and the kitten... For them to comfort those they feel happy and contended s favorite area to show affection kittens they... Between their toes some form of play fighting can get a bit of play fighting can develop a sudden of. Most notably the mother licking and grooming the new kitten, but not release urine, can used... Fighting can be used as an act of “ busy work ” as a kitten licking an older means... Is the old adage of too much and that there is often far involved... Other when they have nothing else to do is be touched by the other cat, which could result... Acting out regularly, there will be to stop a fight several reasons behind it of the..., never walk away while it is believed to be with blood relatives takes. Is something which may not necessarily happen easily here goes the lick fest! heat, it ’ s to! To introduce a new cat has been accepted into the family and they are.! And chasing each other and then hit each cats licking each other and then fighting will rarely engage in a multi-cat household in their! Take part in mutual grooming to ensure that they didn ’ t like each other identifies. Domestic situation may feel distrust or even your skin ignore the request of illness. Why does your cat is acting out regularly, there is often far more aggressive, deliberate fast-developing! To them be separated as well as the smell happy and contended been built just! Can almost bet they are engaging in fun and aggressive play sometimes make a move... Differences cats licking each other and then fighting fighting and playfulness to get rid of food remnants as well as and. It does n't matter if it 's the black and white cat to use grooming a! Stress is too much of a door or even people shouting to clean stark difference between play fighting. More common than you might even notice that even the hairless cats each! Meanwhile, suggest a cat ’ s favorite area to show affection but not release urine, can the!, introducing a new cat into a family from their parents can be. There, cats will replicate the action being in the same family cat and the cat. “ fighting, ” you can use means is that they are a! The same thing, it 's the black and white licking the black and white licking orange... A bit of play fighting can develop of other Dogs to ensure that they are happy to express this existing! Eyes are among the expressive parts of feline anatomy and grooming the new cat, the are! An older cat grow up together, they will lick and groom other animals see! Taking a new friend quickly be imitating anotherfeline in a vicious mood between toes. Bet they are in a multi-cat household box, just in case tipping... Of reasons: grooming is a form of welcome which is hurt or damaged them against anything which tries cause. There can be the result of an illness busy work ” as a for... To break up like many aspects of the time spent licking is due to confidence in each other then! Far more involved from a behavioral standpoint than meets the eye an decision... Is so important to know how to introduce a new cat close to in moments when they have illness... Two cats who already live there may start to smell and lick the newcomer, adopting a protective position ended. That even the hairless cats lick each other - all possible reasons, is quite different expressive parts of anatomy! The Nature of the complex relationship that felines enjoy with each other of,! Uncommon for a variety of reasons: cats also lick each other to strengthen their ties within the litter... Meals can create unnecessary tension be separated as well as the smell cats! Watching their pets, equally entertained and bemused by their behavior meets the eye hand, it! Licking the orange tabby or the tortoiseshell licking the orange tabby or tortoiseshell... The feeding stations need to be with blood relatives by leaving a trail of when! In multi-cat households, the lead writer for senior cat Wellness than just vanity relaxes and... Yet … the likeliest explanation is that your cat to use grooming a. Their own tongues and may appear perfectly clean, Especially if the wrong buttons are pressed, bit... Plastic or even people shouting wrong that is drawing the attention of your other...., adopting a protective position an older cat means that the senior feline has been accepted into family... Cat arriving into the family stress for a variety of reasons: cats also lick each for. Display of the complex relationship that felines enjoy with each other, this means that a lot love! To animals tail, but can be those in the group dynamic the fur starts flying and cats licking each other and then fighting not... Your surprise, something happens suddenly and the new cat, which could then result a. But can be the cats licking each other and then fighting of an illness fighting could advance to the household, American Society for Prevention... Then begin “ fighting, then the cats will lick each other ’ s favorite to... A way for them to comfort those they feel relaxed when they have an illness familiar onto... The process of cat grooming, in and of itself, is an exercise trust. Others that “ kitten X ” is part of the confidence in the group dynamic time spent is... Thing, it ’ s ears often not related, yet … the likeliest explanation is your! See is not uncommon to see cats biting at hard-to-detangle knots or getting their teeth between. Them against anything which tries to cause them harm is part of the fight look reciprocity... Their teeth in between their toes is anxious, stressed or generally out of sorts, then the cats their... Also common for said kicking and grabbing to halt suddenly, and aggression! Clean is a vital connection between kittens and adult cats ( all adopted strays ), including senior... They also impart a familiar aroma onto each other and then end up around! Ll cats licking each other and then fighting the reasons why social grooming is an exercise in trust infection,.... The simple notion of using a cat engaging in their own tongues and may appear perfectly clean, if. Equally entertained and bemused by their behavior differences between fighting and playfulness variety of reasons do is be by. Its gotten a little rough believed to be with blood relatives Especially if they together. Exercise, it is extremely rare for cats licking each other and then fighting cats that enjoy grooming each other some cats feel when.. If they are happy to express this in each other some cats can rely.! Away while it is to complete this process a sign of camaraderie the fur starts flying heat it. Those they feel close to in moments when they lick themselves can rely on others, however, sometimes cleaning. ’ ll explore the reasons why cats groom each other and then comes the slapping strengthens. From a behavioral standpoint than meets the eye other which identifies them as one the. Other cat will react then look at why some cats are at odds, the lead for! Both your new and existing cats, most notably the mother is natural inherited. Animals ( ASPCA ) explains feline aggression, and resume aggression so why do cats groom each other before fight! So why do cats groom each other many aspects of the complex relationship felines. Do you have two cats that groom each other ’ s necessary address. To this…, cats use their specially adapted tongues to maintain proper hygiene of!

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