When Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus was sent to Africa in 109 to deal with Jugurtha, he chose Marius as a member of his staff, perhaps to placate equestrian and Italian interests. After returning to Rome with Cinna to help defeat Octavian’s army, Marius was elected to the consul for a seventh, and what would be the final time, an interesting Gaius Marius fact. His changes to the army altered the future of Rome. Gaius Marius was a Roman general, politician, and military reformer, who had played an important role in the transformation of Rome. This led to his death just seventeen days after his election at the age of 70. After he served honorably in Rome’s legions, he ascended the political ladder, fulfilling each post’s duty with distinction. And my neighbor Marcus is a plostrarius, a maker of the wagons and wagon wheels used to transport merchandise throughout the city and beyond. Their actions set the stage for the rise of Marius, Sulla, and Pompey. Sulla raised and ably led a cavalry contingent during the Numidian campaign, during which he won great popularity within the ranks for sharing the common legionary’s hardships. One of the most popular legends surrounding the life of Gaius Marius is that of the... 3: Gaius Marius … He was born in Arpinum in 157 B.C.E., only 33 years after the city was given full citizenship by the Roman Republic. Marius was a novus homo 'a new man' -- one without a senator among his ancestors. It was during this time period that Marius began to earn the respect of those in positions of power within the military and in Rome itself. Over Metellus's objections he returned to Rome to run for the consulship for 107. An interesting fact about Gaius Marius is that this was seen as one of the most important victories of Marius’s life. Marius claimed the whole credit for the victory; Catulus and Sulla gave very different accounts of the event in their memoirs. Who was the eventual last dictator influenced by the actions of the Gracchi brothers? Bust of Gaius Marius, Caesar’s uncle. When the two consuls tried to persuade the Senate to block the bill, Marius threatened them with imprisonment, and the bill was carried. Gaius Marius. Just days into his reign, he began to lose focus and was showing signs of illness. Over Metellus's objections he returned to Rome to run for the consulship for 107. With them, Marius defeated the Teutones at Aquae Sextiae (modern Aix-en-Provence, Fr.) Gaius Marius was a strong and brave soldier and a skillful general, popular with his troops, but he showed little flair for politics and was not a good public speaker. From the outset Marius intended to use the appointment for his political advancement. The Roman populace liked him because he was not an aristocrat. None of Marius’ ancestors had ever been elected to a Roman political office, and he even claimed to have been raised in poverty, which meant that he was not seriously expected to become a person of importance.At an early age, he entered Rome’s legions and served with integrity. Centuries of military campaigning throughout the Mediterranean and increasing invasions and uprisings … He had also contributed in initiating noted Roman reforms like providing employment to landless citizens, structuring and organizing large military groups into cohorts, etc. Contrary to popular belief, the Marius clan was influential locally, and maintained some limited client relationships with those in Rome. Marius was a very successful general, who had defeated the Cimbri, reformed the army, and held the consulship an unprecedented six times. Marius had always had equestrian support, not only because his origins lay in that class but also because wars were bad for trade, and Marius had brought serious wars to an end. Marius was the first "n… Because of that, Marius was considered a novus homo, or new man, during the early part of his career. If you read Julius Caesar … Julius Caesar held the highest political rank of Consul in 59 BC. While there is no conclusive proof, it is speculated, given the path that Gaius Marius’s life would later take, that he was born into a family who was well-connected, at least locally. When something was a little out of his grasp, he was willing to d… Lucius Cornelius Sulla (c. 138 BC – 78 BC), usually called Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman.He was a praetor (a commander of an army) in 97 BC, and held the office of Consul twice. Around 157 BCE, Marius was born to a plebeian family in an Italian settlement called Ceraete, near Arpinum. The victory, however, was Mariusâ, and he was elected consul again for 104âat the start of which year he celebrated a triumph and Jugurtha was executedâin order to take command against an alarming invasion of the Cimbri and Teutones, who had defeated a succession of Roman armies in the north, the last in disgraceful circumstances in 105. In particular, Gaius Marius’ military reforms and the many problems that that followed. The two married in 110 BC and it was this marriage that really established Gaius Marius as a significant mover in Roman society. He was first elected to the consul in 107BC and in this period he abolished land ownership qualifications for military service, this was one of his most significant political moves. He was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic. 10 Interesting Facts about Gaius Marius. Gaius Julius Caesar, known by his cognomen Julius Caesar was born 12 or 13 July 100 B.C. After defeating Jugurtha in pitched battle, Metellus was less successful in later guerrilla warfare, and this failure was exaggerated by Marius in his public statements when at the end of 108 he returned to Rome to seek the consulship (chief magistracy). As the use of violence, riots, and mob tactics were quickly to become the mainstay throughout the perilous era in Roman history, the Gracchi brothers quickly rose and fell from power. He would later make the eagle the symbol of the senate and the people of Rome. The next year he governed Further Spain, campaigned successfully against bandits, and laid a foundation for great personal wealth through mining investments. Sulla had the incident engraved on his seal, provoking Mariusâ jealousy. 10 Major Achievements of Mahatma Gandhi. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. There … Gaius Marius was famously elected to the consul in Rome on seven different occasions, a record number of election victories at that time. Caesar's family was related to the revolt's leader, Gaius Marius, and joined his faction. Marius was elected on the equestrian and popular vote and, to Metellusâ bitter chagrin, appointed by a popular bill to succeed Metellus at once in the African command. The command in the war against Jugurtha (who was now Numidian king) was given to Quintus Metellus, and Marius was invited to join Metellusâ staff. Gaius Marius was married to Julia, who was the daughter of Gaius Julius Caesar II, the sister of Gaius Julius Caesar III and subsequently, the aunty of Julius Caesar. He would later become assigned to govern the province of Spain thanks to his excellent performance in the role. It's an interesting definitional question, both for evaluating Sulla and for how you use the word tryant. Trending Now. He was not an aristocrat (patrician); he … Gaius Marius. 1: Gaius Marius was born in 157BC Gaius Marius was born with a chip on his shoulder that eventually guided his entire career. Then, by parlaying … Youth and the First Civil War. His widow survived until 69 and received the unusual honour, for a woman, of a public funeral oration by her nephew Julius Caesar, who later won great popularity by restoring to the Capitol … eval(ez_write_tag([[320,50],'factsking_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',127,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[320,50],'factsking_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_5',127,'0','1'])); Gaius Marius was born in 157BC in the Italian town of Aprinum, which is located in Southern Latium. Even his early days, Marius was seen as innovative and an astute politician, and while some of his earlier moves may have angered certain parts of the population, the changes that he made have all generally been seen as good ones. Gaius Marius, (born c. 157 bce, Cereatae, near Arpinum [Arpino], Latium [now in Italy]âdied January 13, 86 bce, Rome), Roman general and politician, consul seven times (107, 104â100, 86 bce), who was the first Roman to illustrate the political support that a successful general could derive from the votes of his old army veterans. Cooperating with equestrians in Africa and popular agitators in Rome, he openly criticized Metellus's conduct of the war. Caesar married Cornelia, the daughter of Cinna, one of the leading Marians, and was nominated for the priesthood of flamen dialis. Julia outlived her husband and died in 69BC. After spending his life engaged in a conflict of one kind or another, Marius’s final years were to be no different. Marius was a highly successful Roman general and military reformer. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Marius was the first "n… His wife was Julia, the aunt of Julius Caesar. For this war, Marius used fresh troops raised by Rutilius Rufus, consul in 105, and excellently trained in commando tactics by gladiatorial instructors. but "tyrant" has a particular meaning in antiquity. If you are interested, visit the Historical People Facts Page! 10 Major Accomplishments of Ronald Reagan. Marius died on 13 January, just 17 days into his seventh consulship. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. As a young officer-cadet, along with Jugurtha (later king of Numidia), on Scipio Aemilianusâ staff in the Numantine War in Spain (134 bce), he, like Jugurtha, made an excellent impression on his commanding officer. Her nephew, Julius Caesar gave an impassioned reading at her funeral. As tribune, Marius proposed a bill affecting procedure in elections and legislative assemblies by narrowing the bridgesâthe gangway across which each voter passed to fill in and deposit his ballot tabletâas a result of which there was no longer room on the gangway for observers, normally aristocrats, who abused their position to influence an individualâs vote. At the time, eagles were considered to be sacred animals and as such, finding this was viewed as a prophecy for the rest of Marius’s life, an interesting fact about Gaius Marius. I hope that this article on Gaius Marius facts was helpful. Origins and Early Career of Marius . They backed his candidacy for tribune (defender) of the plebs (common people) in 119. in 102 and in 101 came to the support of the consul of 102, Quintus Lutatius Catulus, who had suffered a serious setback; together they defeated the Cimbri at the Vercellae, near modern Rovigo in the Po River valley, and the danger was over. Marius returned to Rome following a political hiatus and immediately sought election to the consul. Gaius Marius’s political reforms were formed on the ideology of strengthening the Roman Republic by professionalising the Roman military. Marius showed himself no unprincipled candidate for popular favour, for he vetoed a popular grain bill, and the following years offered him little promise of a conspicuous career. It was requested that Gaius Marius lead an army of Romans against the revolting forces. Marius was a commoner who found his way up the political ladder in Rome through his exceptional military expertise. His family were most likely very important people in the city of Arpinum but they were not included in the elite class of Rome. It is said that this predicted his election to consul 7 times. This was the apex of Mariusâ success. Gaius married Licinia Marius (born Crassi) on … Gaius Marius. His final election, thus fulfilling the supposed prophecy from his teenage years, took place just before his death following his return to Rome in 86BC. Timeline ImageSize = width:1000 height:1000 PlotArea = left:40 right:0 top:10 bottom:10 DateFormat = yyyy TimeAxis = orientation:vertical format:yyyy order:reverse Period = from:-160 till:-80 AlignBars = early ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 … Click to read more facts or download the worksheet collection. Let’s take a look at 10 interesting facts about Gaius Marius. 10 Major Accomplishments of Abraham Lincoln. Professional soldiers were … Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 B.C. 10 Major Accomplishments of Nelson Mandela. While the move was openly criticised at the time, it would later become standard practice for the Roman army. As a teenager, it is said that Marius stumbled across an eagle’s nest that contained 7 eggs. And because of it, he was always striving for better. He would then be elected five times in a row between 104BC and 100BC. His family (from Arpinum [See map section aC in Latium], the rustic birthplace shared with Cicero) may have been peasants or they may have been equestrian, but they were clients of the old, rich, and patrician Metellus family.To improve his circumstances, Gaius Marius … It is said that during one famous dinner, Scipio Aemilianus highlighted Gaius Marius as a future leader and this recognition was an early sign of what was to come for Marius. Sulla captured Athens, sacked the city and slaughtered most of the citizens supporting Mithridates. He had the further support of his veterans, for it was in their interest to stick closely to their general. This was seen as a big honour for those from poorer backgrounds and it considerably increased the size of his army, a fun fact about Gaius Marius. There has been a lot of speculation as to the cause of death of Gaius Marius but the most commonly held theory is that he had contracted pleurisy and had died as a result of that. He was elected an unprecedented 7 times as a consul, with the first coming in 107 BC. Gaius Marius, (born c. 157 bce, Cereatae, near Arpinum [Arpino], Latium [now in Italy]—died January 13, 86 bce, Rome), Roman general and politician, consul seven times (107, 104–100, 86 bce), who was the first Roman to illustrate the political support that a successful general could derive from the votes of his old army veterans. Gaius Marius the Younger was born on date, at birth place, to Gaius Marius and Julia Marius (born Caesar). Gaius Marius (c. 157-86 B.C.) He had to leave Italy after Sulla won the civil war against his uncle Gaius Marius. One of the most influential figures in the history of the Roman Empire was Gaius Marius. Following his father’s death, Marius the Younger took control of Rome with the support of the elder Marius’ allies. Cooperating with equestrians in Africa and popular agitators in Rome, he openly criticized Metellus's conduct of the war. He was the only man in history to have attacked and kept both Athens and Rome.. Sulla unconstitutionally marched his armies into Rome and defeated his enemy Gaius Marius in battle. Gaius Marius would go on to become of the most influential leaders in the history of Rome, and he had his first taste of the military in 134BC when he joined Scipio Aemilianus’s personal legion for an expedition to Numantia. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late 4th century BC and was given Roman citizenship without voting rights. This is reinforced by the fact that both Gaius Marius and his older brother, Marcus Marius, would be able to enter Roman public life. Fellow of Exeter College, University of Oxford, 1928â69. – 15 March 44 B.C. As Mariusgradually captured Jugurthine strongholds and routed his armies, he tasked Sulla with negotiating with the vacillating King Bocchus of Mauretania whose allegiance was subject to change. Gaius Marius’s impact on the Roman Empire was undeniable. He was an important politician and military leader who oversaw several huge changes during his lifetime. However, Marius died, and his … Gaius Marius Facts – Ancient Rome For Kids Gaius Marius was born in 157 BC in Italy. After a peaceful few years, chaos broke out in Rome in 91 BC when the tribune, Marcus Livius Drusus was assassinated. Mariusâ family enjoyed the patronage of more than one noble family, in particular the distinguished and inordinately conceited Caecilii Metelli, then at the height of their political power. Marius was born in 157 BC to a family of supposed rustic origins. In Africa he kept Jugurtha on the run, and in 105 Jugurtha was captured, betrayed by his ally, King Bocchus of Mauretaniaânot to Marius himself but to Sulla, considered a rather disreputable young aristocrat, who had joined Mariusâ staff as quaestor in 107. One of the most notable changes that Gaius Marius made to the army was during the conflict in Africa with Jugurtha. Gaius was born on Circa 157 B.C., in Arpinum, Roman Republic. Updates? As it was needed at that time, Marius increased the number of army personnel by using an unorthodox means. Plutarch says of him: Eventually, Bocchus agreed to surrender Jugurtha personally to Sulla, which essentially marked the end of th… eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'factsking_com-banner-1','ezslot_2',130,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'factsking_com-banner-1','ezslot_3',130,'0','1'])); One of the most popular legends surrounding the life of Gaius Marius is that of the eagle’s nest. In ancient sources, he is repeatedly characterised as having unending ambition and opportunism. As an equestrian, he lacked the education in Greek normal to the upper classes. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gaius-Marius, Vassar College - Biography of Gaius Marius. After that, he made a good marriage into a patrician family that, after long obscurity, was on the point of strong political revival. Roman general and politician, consul seven times (107, 104-100, 86 BC), who was the first Roman to illustrate the political support that a successful general could derive from the votes of his old army veterans. From the outset Marius intended to use the appointment for his political advancement. Using the Legion as his route to fame, fortune and power, he would become among the most influential men of his day, an… During this time, Marius allowed Romans of all classes to join the army, including the poor. He failed to secure the aedileship (control of markets and police) and was only just elected praetor (judicial magistrate) for the year 115 after bribing heavily, for which he was lucky to escape condemnation in court. Julia was born on Circa 130 B.C., in Rome, Italy, Roman Republic. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Gaius Marius was born in 157BC in the Italian town of Aprinum, which is located in... 2: The Legend of the Eagle’s Nest He was superstitious and overwhelmingly ambitious, and, because he failed to force the aristocracy to accept him, despite his great military success, he suffered from an inferiority complex that may help explain his jealousy and vindictive cruelty. Gaius Marius : biography 157 BC – Marius died just seventeen days into his seventh consulship.Plutarch, Life of Marius, 45 & 46. Once he had achieved this, he set about making changes to the military structure and returned to Numidia to defeat Jugurtha. The story behind this retirement is that he was struggling with health issues but many scholars believe it to have been a political move, with Marius facing a lot of pressure from political opponents during this time period. With Catulus he celebrated a joint triumph, but already there was bad feeling between them. His progressive approach to warfare and his political changes paved the way for the likes of Julius Caesar and Augustus who came after him. His parents were Aurelia and Julius Caesar. Marius’ only son died as consul fighting against Sulla in 82. eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'factsking_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_7',134,'0','0'])); After being successful in the army and making some good relationships with those in positions of power in Rome, Gaius Marius entered into politics for the first time in 119BC. In recruiting fresh troops, Marius broke with custom, because of a manpower shortage, by enrolling volunteers from outside the propertied classes, which alone had previously been liable for service. Omissions? He had been consul every year since 104, and he was elected again the year 100. Gaius Marius was a populist general, hyper-ambitious, who managed to get himself elected Consul seven times, at a time when Consul was a strictly term-limited position: once in your lifetime, and that was it. Marius was born in 157 BC in the town of Arpinum in southern Latium. During his long service as a military commander, Gaius Marius received a lot of recognition for his innovative approach to the military, especially its recruitment. That title was his chip, as it made him feel like an outsider in Rome. He helps maintain the triremes that have allowed the powerful Roman navy to conquer all challengers in the Mediterranean. The two would be happily married for many years and they had one son together, Gaius Marius the Younger, who himself was elected to the consul in 82BC, though, he committed suicide the same year. 3: Gaius Marius completed his first military service in 134BC, 4: Gaius Marius was elected to the Tribune of the Plebians, 5: Gaius Marius’s victory in the Jugurthan War, 6: He was elected to the consul a record 7 times, 7: He was responsible for a lot of military reforms, 9: Gaius Marius was married to Julius Caesar’s Aunt. He did this but only survived one campaign before retiring. Our editors will review what youâve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Early career Marius was successful in his plan and his forces captured Jugurtha and brought him to Rome, where he would late die in prison. Author of. Gaius Marius was born near Arpinum, and was the son of a small plebeian farmer. Julius Caesar was a general, politician and scholar who became dictator of ancient Rome until he was assassinated in 44 B.C., inspiring a play by Shakespeare. Roy Lichtenstein | 10 Interesting Facts About The Pop Artist. The Marian reforms were reforms of the ancient Roman army implemented in 107 BC by the statesman Gaius Marius, for whom they were later named.The reforms originated as a reaction to the military and logistical stagnation of the Roman Republic in the late 2nd century BC. This led to a revolt in Rome and led to what became known as the Social War. Patrician is a … They were instituted by Gaius Marius in 107 BC and can be broken down into three major reforms: First, Marius established Rome’s first ever standing army (up until the Marian Reforms, Rome had simply enlisted its soldiers on a season-by-season basis and dissolved its army after every campaign). Although Plutarch claims that Marius' father was a labourer, this is almost certainly false since Marius had connections with the nobility in Rome, he ran for local office in Arpinum, and he had marriage relations with the local no… The ongoing conflict with Jugurtha, king of Numidia was a frustrating one for the Romans and it led to one of Gaius Marius’s greatest victories. His impact on the Empire was huge. After the Marian purges and the subsequent sudden death of Gaius Marius, the surviving consul Lucius Cornelius Cinna (father-in-law of Julius Caesar) imposed proscriptions on those surviving Roman senators and equestrians who had supported Lucius Cornelius Sulla in his 88 BC march on Rome and overthrow of the traditional Roman political … Only in 188 BC did the town receive full citizenship. The town had been given Roman Citizenship not long before his birth in 188BC. He was certainly a nasty fellow (see Did Sulla commit murders? ) A clutch of eagle’s eggs would commonly only have two or three eggs in it so to make such a discovery was incredibly rare. When Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus was sent to Africa in 109 to deal with Jugurtha, he chose Marius as a member of his staff, perhaps to placate equestrian and Italian interests. Once he retired from power he was appalled to see his long time rival, Sulla rise to a position of great power. He was even elected to the state’s highest post, the consulship, in 107 BC. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Of equestrian but outside roots, Marius would find his early attempts to climb the Roman social and political ladder difficult at best. He was elected as the consul on seven occasions, including five successive consulships. Marius perhaps did not realize the potency of their force, one that Sulla, Caesar, and Octavian employed with overpowering effect later. Equestrian but outside roots, Marius defeated the Teutones at Aquae Sextiae ( modern Aix-en-Provence Fr. Different occasions, including five successive consulships gave very different accounts of the most notable changes that Gaius.. Unending ambition and opportunism the education in Greek normal to the state ’ s final were. Rome and led to what became known as the consul in Rome on seven,. The tribune, Marcus Livius Drusus was assassinated … in particular, Gaius gaius marius facts Circa 130 B.C., 107! The senate and the many problems that that followed climb the Roman Republic had the incident engraved his. Forces captured Jugurtha and brought him to Rome to run for the victory ; Catulus and Sulla gave very accounts... This email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and laid a foundation for great wealth... 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